{"id":2163,"date":"2025-01-28T19:34:12","date_gmt":"2025-01-28T19:34:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bhiggs.x10hosting.com\/PracticalCPlusPlusProgramming\/?page_id=2163"},"modified":"2025-01-28T21:34:25","modified_gmt":"2025-01-28T21:34:25","slug":"containers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bhiggs.x10hosting.com\/PracticalCPlusPlusProgramming\/index.php\/topics\/c-details\/the-standard-template-library-2\/containers\/","title":{"rendered":"Containers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Containers\"><\/span>Containers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Containers are objects that store collections of other objects<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two types of Containers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sequence Containers<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They organize their collection of objects into a <em>strictly linear arrangement<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sorted Associative Containers<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They provide the ability for <em>fast retrieval of objects<\/em> from the collection, based on <em>keys<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sequence_Containers\"><\/span>Sequence Containers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The STL <em>Sequence Container<\/em> types are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>vector&lt;T&gt;<\/strong> : Provides random access to a sequence of varying length, with efficient insertions and deletions at the end.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>deque&lt;T&gt;<\/strong>&nbsp;: A double-ended queue, usually pronounced &#8220;deck&#8221;. Allows efficient insertions and deletions at both the beginning and the end.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>list&lt;T&gt;<\/strong> : Provides efficient insertions and deletions at any given position within the sequence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>An <em>ordinary C++ array type<\/em> may also be used as a sequence container.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Some_examples\"><\/span>Some examples:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono-NL.ttf\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono-NL,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#000000;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"\/\/\n\/\/  main.cpp\n\/\/  STL Sequence Containers\n\/\/\n\/\/  Created by Bryan Higgs on 10\/20\/24.\n\/\/\n\n#include &lt;iostream&gt;\n#include &lt;string&gt;     \/\/ for string class\n#include &lt;algorithm&gt;  \/\/ for reverse algorithm\n\nint main(int argc, const char * argv[])\n{\n  std::string s1 = &quot;Bryan Higgs&quot;;\n  reverse(s1.begin(), s1.end());\n  std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Reversed string: &quot; &lt;&lt; s1 &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n\n  char array[] = &quot;Bryan Higgs&quot;;\n  size_t arrayLen = strlen(array);\n  std::reverse(&amp;array[0], &amp;array[arrayLen]);\n  std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Reversed array: &quot; &lt;&lt; array &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n\n  return 0;\n}\" style=\"color:#000000;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki light-plus\" style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/  main.cpp<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/  STL Sequence Containers<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/  Created by Bryan Higgs on 10\/20\/24.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&lt;string&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/ for string class<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&lt;algorithm&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/ for reverse algorithm<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">argc<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">argv<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">[])<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">{<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::string s1 = <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&quot;Bryan Higgs&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">reverse<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">s1<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">begin<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">(), <\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">s1<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">end<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">());<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::cout &lt;&lt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&quot;Reversed string: &quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> &lt;&lt; s1 &lt;&lt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::endl;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> array[] = <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&quot;Bryan Higgs&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">size_t<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> arrayLen = <\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">strlen<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">(array);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">reverse<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">(&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">array<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #098658\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">], &amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">array<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">[arrayLen]);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::cout &lt;&lt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&quot;Reversed array: &quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> &lt;&lt; array &lt;&lt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::endl;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #098658\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8230; which outputs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" style=\"padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\"><code><strong>Reversed string: sggiH nayrB\nReversed array: sggiH nayrB\nProgram ended with exit code: 0<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>First, let&#8217;s define a <strong>make()<\/strong> function to create a <strong>Container<\/strong> from an array of characters:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono-NL.ttf\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono-NL,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#000000;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"\/\/\n\/\/  Make.h\n\/\/  STL Sequence Containers\n\/\/\n\/\/  Created by Bryan Higgs on 10\/20\/24.\n\/\/\n\n#ifndef Make_h\n#define Make_h\n\ntemplate &lt;typename Container&gt;\nContainer make(const char s[])\n{\n  return Container(&amp;s[0], &amp;s[strlen(s)]);\n}\n\n#endif \/* Make_h *\/\" style=\"color:#000000;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki light-plus\" style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/  Make.h<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/  STL Sequence Containers<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/  Created by Bryan Higgs on 10\/20\/24.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">#ifndef<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\"> Make_h<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">#define<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\"> Make_h<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">template<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> &lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">typename<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">Container<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">&gt;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #267F99\">Container<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">make<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">[])<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">{<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">Container<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">(&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #098658\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">], &amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">strlen<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">(s)]);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">#endif<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\"> \/* Make_h *\/<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8230; and a main program to test it. It uses a <strong>std::vector<\/strong> class, and the <strong>reverse()<\/strong> algorithm from the STL:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono-NL.ttf\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono-NL,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#000000;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"\/\/\n\/\/  TestMake.cpp\n\/\/  STL Sequence Containers\n\/\/\n\/\/  Created by Bryan Higgs on 10\/20\/24.\n\/\/\n\n#include &lt;iostream&gt;\n#include &lt;vector&gt;     \/\/ for vector class\n#include &lt;algorithm&gt;  \/\/ for reverse algorithm\n\n#include &quot;Make.h&quot;     \/\/ for make function template\n\nint main(int argc, const char * argv[])\n{\n  std::vector&lt;char&gt; vector1\n    = make&lt; std::vector&lt;char&gt; &gt;(&quot;Bryan Higgs&quot;);\n  \n  reverse(vector1.begin(), vector1.end());\n    \/\/ Reverses objects in vector\n\n  \/\/ Ouput the vector of chars\n  for (char i: vector1)\n  {\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; i;\n  }\n  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n  \n  return 0;\n}\" style=\"color:#000000;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki light-plus\" style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/  TestMake.cpp<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/  STL Sequence Containers<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/  Created by Bryan Higgs on 10\/20\/24.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&lt;vector&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/ for vector class<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&lt;algorithm&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/ for reverse algorithm<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&quot;Make.h&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/ for make function template<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">argc<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">argv<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">[])<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">{<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::vector&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">&gt; vector1<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">    = <\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">make<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">&lt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">vector<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">&gt; &gt;(<\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&quot;Bryan Higgs&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">reverse<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">vector1<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">begin<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">(), <\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">vector1<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">end<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">());<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">    \/\/ Reverses objects in vector<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">  \/\/ Ouput the vector of chars<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> i: vector1)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::cout &lt;&lt; i;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  }<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::cout &lt;&lt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::endl;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #098658\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8230; which outputs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" style=\"padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\"><code><strong>sggiH nayrB\nProgram ended with exit code: 0<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We can use the identical approach with a <strong>std::list<\/strong> replacing the <strong>std::vector<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono-NL.ttf\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono-NL,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#000000;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"\/\/\n\/\/  TestMakeList.cpp\n\/\/  STL Sequence Containers\n\/\/\n\/\/  Created by Bryan Higgs on 10\/20\/24.\n\/\/\n\n#include &lt;iostream&gt;\n#include &lt;list&gt;     \/\/ for list class\n#include &lt;algorithm&gt;  \/\/ for reverse algorithm\n\n#include &quot;Make.h&quot;     \/\/ for make function template\n\nint main(int argc, const char * argv[])\n{\n  std::list&lt;char&gt; list1\n    = make&lt; std::list&lt;char&gt; &gt;(&quot;Bryan Higgs&quot;);\n  \n  reverse(list1.begin(), list1.end());\n    \/\/ Reverses objects in vector\n\n  \/\/ Output the list of chars\n  std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;List: &quot;;\n  for (char i: list1)\n  {\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; i;\n  }\n  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n  \n  return 0;\n}\" style=\"color:#000000;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki light-plus\" style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/  TestMakeList.cpp<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/  STL Sequence Containers<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/  Created by Bryan Higgs on 10\/20\/24.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&lt;list&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/ for list class<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&lt;algorithm&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/ for reverse algorithm<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&quot;Make.h&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\">\/\/ for make function template<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">argc<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">argv<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">[])<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">{<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::list&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">&gt; list1<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">    = <\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">make<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">&lt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">list<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">&gt; &gt;(<\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&quot;Bryan Higgs&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">reverse<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">list1<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">begin<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">(), <\/span><span style=\"color: #001080\">list1<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #795E26\">end<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">());<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">    \/\/ Reverses objects in vector<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">  \/\/ Output the list of chars<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::cout &lt;&lt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #A31515\">&quot;List: &quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000FF\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> i: list1)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::cout &lt;&lt; i;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  }<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::cout &lt;&lt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #267F99\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">::endl;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #AF00DB\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #098658\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8230; which outputs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" style=\"padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\"><code><strong>List: sggiH nayrB\nProgram ended with exit code: 0<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Notice how similar the code is. The only difference is the container used.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We could have used the same approach with a <strong>std::deque<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the <em>essence<\/em> of <em>generic programming<\/em>:&nbsp; several classes that provide the same interface for their operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:47px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-font-size has-medium-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bhiggs.x10hosting.com\/PracticalCPlusPlusProgramming\/index.php\/topics\/c-details\/the-standard-template-library-2\/generic-algorithms\/\">Next: Generic Algorithms<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Containers Containers are objects that store collections of other objects There are two types of Containers: Sequence Containers The STL Sequence Container types are: An ordinary C++ array type may also be used as a sequence container.&nbsp; Some examples: &#8230; which outputs: First, let&#8217;s define a make() function to create a Container from an array [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2150,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2163","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bhiggs.x10hosting.com\/PracticalCPlusPlusProgramming\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2163","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bhiggs.x10hosting.com\/PracticalCPlusPlusProgramming\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bhiggs.x10hosting.com\/PracticalCPlusPlusProgramming\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bhiggs.x10hosting.com\/PracticalCPlusPlusProgramming\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bhiggs.x10hosting.com\/PracticalCPlusPlusProgramming\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2163"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/bhiggs.x10hosting.com\/PracticalCPlusPlusProgramming\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2163\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2219,"href":"https:\/\/bhiggs.x10hosting.com\/PracticalCPlusPlusProgramming\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2163\/revisions\/2219"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bhiggs.x10hosting.com\/PracticalCPlusPlusProgramming\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bhiggs.x10hosting.com\/PracticalCPlusPlusProgramming\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2163"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}